Green Batteries in Use and Development
Overview of Lithium-ion Battery and Other Green Batteries
Lithium-ion Battery is one of the most widely used green batteries, valued for its high energy density, long cycle life, and eco-friendly characteristics. Other green batteries include Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH), mercury-free alkaline batteries, lithium or lithium-ion polymer batteries, combustion batteries, and electrochemical supercapacitors. Solar cells, which convert sunlight into electricity, also play a key role in sustainable energy systems.
Why Lithium-ion Battery Will Dominate the Market
Rechargeable batteries, especially Lithium-ion batteries, are increasingly replacing single-use batteries in cameras, cordless phones, laptops, and multimedia devices. The advantages of Lithium-ion Battery include:
- High energy density – Storing more energy in less space.
- Low self-discharge rate – Retaining charge for longer periods.
- Wide operating temperature range – Effective from -30°C to 55°C.
- Long cycle life – Supports thousands of charge-discharge cycles.
How Lithium-ion Battery Works
During discharge, lithium ions in a Lithium-ion Battery move from the anode to the cathode through the electrolyte. During charging, lithium ions return to the anode, forming a reversible process that allows recharging. This process makes Lithium-ion Battery highly efficient for repeated use.
Key Parameters of Lithium-ion Battery
- Average Voltage – Mean voltage during discharge.
- Energy Density – Energy per unit volume.
- Capacity – Total energy released by active materials.
- Design Capacity – Theoretical capacity based on materials.
- Rated Capacity – Actual achievable capacity after manufacturing.
- C-rate (Discharge Rate) – Discharge current relative to rated capacity.
- Hour-rate Discharge – Time to fully discharge at a specific current.